The Median State and Collapse

Kim Codella

This paper discusses some of the problems in reconstructing a Median state. According to Herodotus the Medes ruled a kingdom encompassing much of Mesopotamia and the Iranian Zagros during the late seventh through sixth centuries B.C. Ultimately, in light of the scarce archaeological material recovered to date, a Median state may not be definable. Instead of a model of collapse being used to examine the Medes, a model that explores transition may be more appropriate.

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