Strategy
How can we convincingly demonstrate that we should eliminate
any particular government program? The problem with pointing to flaws
in the program is that a liberal can always respond that we should mend
and not end it. The libertarian response is that the flaws in government
programs are an inherent result of the flaws in government decision-making,
so that there is no reason to expect that attempts to mend programs
will actually improve them.
It is usually thought that the difference between
a libertarian and a liberal is that the libertarian has more "faith in
the market." While there is much truth to that, I believe that the crucial
difference is actually that the liberal has more faith in the government.
If so, then the crucial issue is how much we can expect from democratic
politics.
It's hard to see how we can demonstrate the inherent
feebleness of democratic politics except by looking at particular cases.
But suppose that we could show that the major programs of the welfare state
have been deleterious--that we would have been better off if they had never
been tried. That would be strong evidence, not only against those programs
as they have actually existed, but against the feasibility of ever achieving
the goals of those programs under democratic politics, and we would have
a strong libertarian argument.
Thus, even in an argument against a particular
government program, a libertarian is relying on a negative appraisal of
government programs in general.
Thus, the libertarian argument against any exising
government program has two claims
-
We would have been better off if the program had never been institututed.
-
And we cannot expect to mend the program because of the inherent feebleness
of goverment politics.
To support claim I, the libertarian has to introduce
facts and arguments about how the program in question has in fact operated.
But how do we argue for claim II?
-
If the program has existed a long time, that itself is an argument for
claim II: If democratic politics hasn't gotten it right yet, it's
unreasonable to expect politics ever to get it right.
-
But also: A libertarian should have a long list of claim I arguments
against other government programs. If the government gets it wrong
so often, it's unreasonable to expect it to get it right in this case.
Point 2, I think, is a reason why libertarians often
seem unduly dismissive of a government program. Even when we're talking
about a particular program, we are relying on a judgment about government
in general.
If Medicare works poorly, that is an argument against
the minimum wage; if the minimum wage works poorly, that is an argument
for drug legalization; etc.
For example, a libertarian argument against Social
Security would be structured thus:
-
We would have been better off without Social Security as it has actually
existed.
-
We shouldn't expect to be able to mend Social Security because
-
if we haven't gotten it right in 60 years, we'll probably never get it
right
-
if we haven't gotten [a long list of other government programs] right,
how can we expect to get Social Security right?
The most important object of a libertarian argument
against a particular program is to discredit government in general; and
in the contemporary context, that means that the most important object
of an argument against a particular program is to discredit democracy.
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